diff --git a/modules/renderer/CMakeLists.txt b/modules/renderer/CMakeLists.txt
index 35f0146..6863120 100644
--- a/modules/renderer/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/modules/renderer/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ add_library_module(renderer
     vk/context/device.cpp
     vk/context/swapchain.cpp
     vk/context/context.cpp
+    vk/renderer/pass.cpp
+    vk/renderer/renderer.cpp
     vk/pipeline.cpp
 )
 
@@ -14,6 +16,8 @@ PUBLIC
     app 
     ecs
     memory
+    assets
+    time
 PRIVATE
     surface
     pthread
@@ -28,6 +32,8 @@ add_test_module(renderer
     vk/context/device.test.cpp
     vk/context/swapchain.test.cpp
     vk/context/context.test.cpp
+    vk/renderer/pass.test.cpp
+    vk/renderer/renderer.test.cpp
     vk/pipeline.test.cpp
 ) 
 target_link_libraries(renderer_tests
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/system.cpp b/modules/renderer/private/system.cpp
index 3da8e18..21e3039 100644
--- a/modules/renderer/private/system.cpp
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/system.cpp
@@ -2,4 +2,16 @@
 
 namespace lt::renderer {
 
+void System::on_register()
+{
 }
+
+void System::on_unregister()
+{
+}
+
+void System::tick(app::TickInfo tick)
+{
+}
+
+} // namespace lt::renderer
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/context.cpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/context.cpp
index 18ef46e..ad25078 100644
--- a/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/context.cpp
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/context.cpp
@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@
 
 namespace lt::renderer::vk {
 
-Context::Context(const ecs::Entity &surface_entity, Ref<app::SystemStats> system_stats)
-    : m_stats(std::move(system_stats))
-    , m_surface(surface_entity)
+Context::Context(const ecs::Entity &surface_entity)
+    : m_surface(surface_entity)
     , m_device(m_surface)
     , m_swapchain(m_device, m_surface)
 {
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/context.hpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/context.hpp
index 80c0aa1..d046945 100644
--- a/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/context.hpp
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/context.hpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ using memory::NullOnMove;
 class Context
 {
 public:
-	Context(const ecs::Entity &surface_entity, Ref<app::SystemStats> system_stats);
+	Context(const ecs::Entity &surface_entity);
 
 	[[nodiscard]] auto instance() const -> VkInstance
 	{
@@ -36,8 +36,6 @@ public:
 	}
 
 private:
-	Ref<app::SystemStats> m_stats;
-
 	Surface m_surface;
 
 	Device m_device;
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/device.cpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/device.cpp
index 1e5a16f..88c8993 100644
--- a/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/device.cpp
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/device.cpp
@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@ Device::Device(const Surface &surface)
 	ensure(surface.vk(), "Failed to initialize vk::Device: null vulkan surface");
 
 	initialize_physical_device();
+	initialize_queue_indices(surface);
 	initialize_logical_device();
 	Instance::load_device_functions(m_device);
-	initialize_queue(surface);
+
+	vk_get_device_queue(m_device, m_graphics_queue_family_index, 0, &m_graphics_queue);
+	vk_get_device_queue(m_device, m_present_queue_family_index, 0, &m_present_queue);
 }
 
 Device::~Device()
@@ -54,12 +57,20 @@ void Device::initialize_logical_device()
 {
 	const float priorities = .0f;
 
-	auto queue_info = VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo {
-		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
-		.queueFamilyIndex = find_suitable_queue_family(),
-		.queueCount = 1u,
-		.pQueuePriorities = &priorities,
-	};
+	auto queue_infos = std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> {};
+	auto queue_families = std::set { m_graphics_queue_family_index, m_present_queue_family_index };
+
+	for (auto queue_family : queue_families)
+	{
+		queue_infos.emplace_back(
+		    VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo {
+		        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
+		        .queueFamilyIndex = queue_family,
+		        .queueCount = 1u,
+		        .pQueuePriorities = &priorities,
+		    }
+		);
+	}
 
 	auto physical_device_features = VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures {};
 
@@ -69,8 +80,8 @@ void Device::initialize_logical_device()
 
 	auto device_info = VkDeviceCreateInfo {
 		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
-		.queueCreateInfoCount = 1,
-		.pQueueCreateInfos = &queue_info,
+		.queueCreateInfoCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(queue_infos.size()),
+		.pQueueCreateInfos = queue_infos.data(),
 		.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size()),
 		.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data(),
 		.pEnabledFeatures = &physical_device_features,
@@ -84,30 +95,28 @@ void Device::initialize_logical_device()
 
 [[nodiscard]] auto Device::find_suitable_queue_family() const -> uint32_t
 {
-	auto count = 0u;
-	vk_get_physical_device_queue_family_properties(m_physical_device, &count, nullptr);
-	ensure(count != 0u, "Failed to find any physical devices with Vulkan support");
-
-	auto families = std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties>(count);
-	vk_get_physical_device_queue_family_properties(m_physical_device, &count, families.data());
-
-	const auto required_flags = VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT | VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT;
-	for (auto idx = 0u; auto &family : families)
-	{
-		if ((family.queueFlags & required_flags) == required_flags)
-		{
-			return idx;
-		}
-	}
-
-	ensure(false, "Failed to find a suitable Vulkan queue family");
-	return 0;
+	// auto count = 0u;
+	// vk_get_physical_device_queue_family_properties(m_physical_device, &count, nullptr);
+	// ensure(count != 0u, "Failed to find any physical devices with Vulkan support");
+	//
+	// auto families = std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties>(count);
+	// vk_get_physical_device_queue_family_properties(m_physical_device, &count, families.data());
+	//
+	// const auto required_flags = VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT | VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT;
+	// for (auto idx = 0u; auto &family : families)
+	// {
+	// 	if ((family.queueFlags & required_flags) == required_flags)
+	// 	{
+	// 		return idx;
+	// 	}
+	// }
+	//
+	// ensure(false, "Failed to find a suitable Vulkan queue family");
+	// return 0;
 }
 
-void Device::initialize_queue(const Surface &surface)
+void Device::initialize_queue_indices(const Surface &surface)
 {
-	vk_get_device_queue(m_device, find_suitable_queue_family(), 0, &m_queue);
-
 	auto count = uint32_t { 0u };
 	vk_get_physical_device_queue_family_properties(m_physical_device, &count, nullptr);
 
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/device.hpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/device.hpp
index 157904a..ed10a17 100644
--- a/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/device.hpp
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/device.hpp
@@ -35,12 +35,22 @@ public:
 		return { m_graphics_queue_family_index, m_present_queue_family_index };
 	}
 
+	[[nodiscard]] auto get_graphics_queue() const -> VkQueue
+	{
+		return m_graphics_queue;
+	}
+
+	[[nodiscard]] auto get_present_queue() const -> VkQueue
+	{
+		return m_present_queue;
+	}
+
 private:
 	void initialize_physical_device();
 
 	void initialize_logical_device();
 
-	void initialize_queue(const class Surface &surface);
+	void initialize_queue_indices(const class Surface &surface);
 
 	[[nodiscard]] auto find_suitable_queue_family() const -> uint32_t;
 
@@ -49,7 +59,9 @@ private:
 
 	memory::NullOnMove<VkDevice> m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 
-	memory::NullOnMove<VkQueue> m_queue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkQueue> m_graphics_queue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkQueue> m_present_queue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 
 	uint32_t m_graphics_queue_family_index = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
 
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/instance.cpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/instance.cpp
index 96186a5..a66b400 100644
--- a/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/instance.cpp
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/instance.cpp
@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ PFN_vkCmdDraw vk_cmd_draw {};
 PFN_vkCmdSetViewport vk_cmd_set_viewport {};
 PFN_vkCmdSetScissor vk_cmd_set_scissors {};
 
+PFN_vkResetCommandBuffer vk_reset_command_buffer {};
+
 PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR vk_get_physical_device_surface_support {};
 PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR vk_get_physical_device_surface_capabilities {};
 PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR vk_get_physical_device_surface_formats {};
@@ -370,6 +372,7 @@ void Instance::load_device_functions_impl(VkDevice device)
 	load_fn(vk_cmd_draw, "vkCmdDraw");
 	load_fn(vk_cmd_set_viewport, "vkCmdSetViewport");
 	load_fn(vk_cmd_set_scissors, "vkCmdSetScissor");
+	load_fn(vk_reset_command_buffer, "vkResetCommandBuffer");
 }
 
 auto parse_message_type(VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT message_types) -> const char *
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/swapchain.cpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/swapchain.cpp
index 8c94de3..9ebbbdd 100644
--- a/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/swapchain.cpp
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/swapchain.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
 
 namespace lt::renderer::vk {
 
-Swapchain::Swapchain(const Device &device, const Surface &surface): m_device(device.vk())
+Swapchain::Swapchain(const Device &device, const Surface &surface)
+    : m_device(device.vk())
+    , m_resolution(surface.get_framebuffer_size())
 {
 	auto *physical_device = device.physical();
 
@@ -30,6 +32,7 @@ Swapchain::Swapchain(const Device &device, const Surface &surface): m_device(dev
 	constexpr auto desired_swapchain_image_count = uint32_t { 3 };
 	const auto surface_format = formats.front();
 	const auto queue_indices = device.get_family_indices();
+	m_format = surface_format.format;
 
 	auto create_info = VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR {
 		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ Swapchain::Swapchain(const Device &device, const Surface &surface): m_device(dev
 		.pQueueFamilyIndices = queue_indices.data(),
 		.preTransform = capabilities.currentTransform,
 		.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR,
-		.presentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR, // TODO(Light): parameterize
+		.presentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR, // TODO(Light): parameterize
 		.clipped = VK_TRUE,
 		.oldSwapchain = nullptr,
 	};
@@ -84,6 +87,7 @@ Swapchain::Swapchain(const Device &device, const Surface &surface): m_device(dev
 
 		vkc(vk_create_image_view(device.vk(), &create_info, nullptr, &view));
 	}
+
 }
 
 Swapchain::~Swapchain()
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/swapchain.hpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/swapchain.hpp
index 3ddc0ed..93e5b07 100644
--- a/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/swapchain.hpp
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/vk/context/swapchain.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory/pointer_types/null_on_move.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/debug/validation.hpp>
 #include <renderer/vk/vulkan.hpp>
 
 namespace lt::renderer::vk {
@@ -20,6 +21,44 @@ public:
 
 	auto operator=(const Swapchain &) const -> Swapchain & = delete;
 
+	[[nodiscard]] auto vk() const -> VkSwapchainKHR
+	{
+		return m_swapchain;
+	}
+
+	[[nodiscard]] auto get_resolution() const -> VkExtent2D
+	{
+		return m_resolution;
+	}
+
+	[[nodiscard]] auto get_format() const -> VkFormat
+	{
+		return m_format;
+	}
+
+	[[nodiscard]] auto create_framebuffers_for_pass(VkRenderPass pass) const
+	    -> std::vector<VkFramebuffer>
+	{
+		auto framebuffers = std::vector<VkFramebuffer>(m_swapchain_image_views.size());
+
+		for (auto idx = 0u; auto &framebuffer : framebuffers)
+		{
+			auto info = VkFramebufferCreateInfo {
+				.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+				.renderPass = pass,
+				.attachmentCount = 1u,
+				.pAttachments = &m_swapchain_image_views[idx++],
+				.width = m_resolution.width,
+				.height = m_resolution.height,
+				.layers = 1u
+			};
+
+			vkc(vk_create_frame_buffer(m_device, &info, nullptr, &framebuffer));
+		}
+
+		return framebuffers;
+	}
+
 private:
 	[[nodiscard]] auto get_optimal_image_count(
 	    VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities,
@@ -33,6 +72,10 @@ private:
 	std::vector<VkImage> m_swapchain_images;
 
 	std::vector<VkImageView> m_swapchain_image_views;
+
+	VkExtent2D m_resolution;
+
+	VkFormat m_format;
 };
 
 } // namespace lt::renderer::vk
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/pipeline.test.cpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/pipeline.test.cpp
index c2d2e0d..3b2a565 100644
--- a/modules/renderer/private/vk/pipeline.test.cpp
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/vk/pipeline.test.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public:
 		    .resolution = constants::resolution,
 		});
 
-		m_context = create_ref<Context>(*m_surface_entity, m_stats);
+		m_context = create_ref<Context>(*m_surface_entity);
 	}
 
 	[[nodiscard]] auto context() -> Ref<Context>
@@ -38,8 +38,6 @@ public:
 	}
 
 private:
-	Ref<app::SystemStats> m_stats;
-
 	Ref<ecs::Registry> m_registry;
 
 	Ref<surface::System> m_surface_system;
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/pass.cpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/pass.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/pass.hpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/pass.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23d5382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/pass.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assets/shader.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/context/context.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/debug/validation.hpp>
+
+namespace lt::renderer::vk {
+
+class Pass
+{
+public:
+	Pass(
+	    Context &context,
+	    lt::assets::ShaderAsset vertex_shader,
+	    lt::assets::ShaderAsset fragment_shader
+	)
+	    : m_device(context.device().vk())
+	{
+		// auto fragment_blob = vertex_shader.unpack(lt::assets::ShaderAsset::BlobTag::code);
+
+		auto *vertex_module = create_module(
+		    vertex_shader.unpack(lt::assets::ShaderAsset::BlobTag::code)
+		);
+
+		auto *fragment_module = create_module(
+		    fragment_shader.unpack(lt::assets::ShaderAsset::BlobTag::code)
+		);
+
+		auto shader_stages = std::array<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> {
+			VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo {
+			    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+			    .stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+			    .module = vertex_module,
+			    .pName = "main",
+			},
+			VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo {
+			    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+			    .stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
+			    .module = fragment_module,
+			    .pName = "main",
+			},
+		};
+
+		auto dynamic_states = std::array<VkDynamicState, 2> {
+			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
+			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR,
+		};
+
+		auto dynamic_state = VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.dynamicStateCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(dynamic_states.size()),
+			.pDynamicStates = dynamic_states.data(),
+		};
+
+		auto vertex_input = VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		};
+
+		auto input_assembly = VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
+			.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		};
+
+		auto viewport = VkViewport {
+			.x = 0u,
+			.y = 0u,
+			.width = static_cast<float>(context.swapchain().get_resolution().width),
+			.height = static_cast<float>(context.swapchain().get_resolution().height),
+			.minDepth = 0.0f,
+			.maxDepth = 0.0f,
+		};
+
+		auto scissor = VkRect2D {
+			.offset = { 0u, 0u },
+			.extent = context.swapchain().get_resolution(),
+		};
+
+		auto viewport_state = VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.viewportCount = 1u,
+			.scissorCount = 1u,
+		};
+
+		auto rasterization = VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
+			.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_NONE,
+			.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE,
+			.lineWidth = 1.0,
+		};
+
+		auto multisampling = VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+			.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.minSampleShading = 1.0,
+			.pSampleMask = nullptr,
+			.alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		};
+
+		auto color_blend_attachment = VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState {
+			.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT
+			                  | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT,
+			.blendEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE,
+			.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO,
+			.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD,
+			.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE,
+			.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO,
+			.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD,
+		};
+
+		auto color_blend = VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE,
+			.logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY,
+			.attachmentCount = 1,
+			.pAttachments = &color_blend_attachment,
+			.blendConstants = { 0.0f, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 },
+		};
+
+		auto layout_info = VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+			.setLayoutCount = 0u,
+			.pSetLayouts = nullptr,
+			.pushConstantRangeCount = 0u,
+			.pPushConstantRanges = nullptr,
+		};
+
+		vkc(vk_create_pipeline_layout(m_device, &layout_info, nullptr, &m_layout));
+
+		auto attachment_description = VkAttachmentDescription {
+			.format = context.swapchain().get_format(),
+			.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+			.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,
+			.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
+			.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
+			.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
+			.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+			.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
+		};
+
+		auto color_attachment_ref = VkAttachmentReference {
+			.attachment = 0,
+			.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
+		};
+
+		auto subpass_description = VkSubpassDescription {
+			.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
+			.colorAttachmentCount = 1u,
+			.pColorAttachments = &color_attachment_ref,
+		};
+
+		auto pass_dependency = VkSubpassDependency {
+			.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL,
+			.dstSubpass = 0u,
+			.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+			.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+			.srcAccessMask = 0u,
+			.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+		};
+
+		auto renderpass_info = VkRenderPassCreateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO,
+			.attachmentCount = 1u,
+			.pAttachments = &attachment_description,
+			.subpassCount = 1u,
+			.pSubpasses = &subpass_description,
+			.dependencyCount = 1u,
+			.pDependencies = &pass_dependency,
+		};
+
+		vkc(vk_create_render_pass(m_device, &renderpass_info, nullptr, &m_pass));
+
+		auto pipeline_info = VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.stageCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(shader_stages.size()),
+			.pStages = shader_stages.data(),
+			.pVertexInputState = &vertex_input,
+			.pInputAssemblyState = &input_assembly,
+			.pViewportState = &viewport_state,
+			.pRasterizationState = &rasterization,
+			.pMultisampleState = &multisampling,
+			.pDepthStencilState = nullptr,
+			.pColorBlendState = &color_blend,
+			.pDynamicState = &dynamic_state,
+			.layout = m_layout,
+			.renderPass = m_pass,
+			.subpass = 0u,
+			.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+			.basePipelineIndex = -1,
+		};
+
+		vkc(vk_create_graphics_pipelines(
+		    m_device,
+		    VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+		    1u,
+		    &pipeline_info,
+		    nullptr,
+		    &m_pipeline
+		));
+
+		vk_destroy_shader_module(m_device, vertex_module, nullptr);
+		vk_destroy_shader_module(m_device, fragment_module, nullptr);
+
+		m_framebuffers = context.swapchain().create_framebuffers_for_pass(m_pass);
+	}
+
+	~Pass()
+	{
+		if (!m_device)
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		for (auto &framebuffer : m_framebuffers)
+		{
+			vk_destroy_frame_buffer(m_device, framebuffer, nullptr);
+		}
+
+		vk_destroy_pipeline(m_device, m_pipeline, nullptr);
+		vk_destroy_render_pass(m_device, m_pass, nullptr);
+		vk_destroy_pipeline_layout(m_device, m_layout, nullptr);
+	}
+
+	Pass(Pass &&) = default;
+
+	Pass(const Pass &) = delete;
+
+	auto operator=(Pass &&) -> Pass & = default;
+
+	auto operator=(const Pass &) -> Pass & = delete;
+
+	[[nodiscard]] auto get_pass() -> VkRenderPass
+	{
+		return m_pass;
+	}
+
+	[[nodiscard]] auto get_pipeline() -> VkPipeline
+	{
+		return m_pipeline;
+	}
+
+	[[nodiscard]] auto get_framebuffers() -> std::vector<VkFramebuffer> &
+	{
+		return m_framebuffers;
+	}
+
+private:
+	auto create_module(lt::assets::Blob blob) -> VkShaderModule
+	{
+		log_dbg("BLOB SIZE: {}", blob.size());
+		auto info = VkShaderModuleCreateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.codeSize = blob.size(),
+			.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(blob.data()) // NOLINT
+		};
+
+		auto *module = VkShaderModule { VK_NULL_HANDLE };
+		vkc(vk_create_shader_module(m_device, &info, nullptr, &module));
+
+		return module;
+	}
+
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkDevice> m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkPipeline> m_pipeline = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkRenderPass> m_pass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkPipelineLayout> m_layout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	std::vector<VkFramebuffer> m_framebuffers;
+};
+
+} // namespace lt::renderer::vk
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/pass.test.cpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/pass.test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64ffefe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/pass.test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <renderer/vk/renderer/pass.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/test_utils.hpp>
+
+using ::lt::assets::ShaderAsset;
+using ::lt::renderer::vk::Pass;
+
+Suite raii = "pass_raii"_suite = [] {
+	Case { "happy path won't throw" } = [] {
+		auto observer = ValidationObserver {};
+		auto [context, _] = create_context();
+
+		std::ignore = Pass {
+			context,
+			ShaderAsset { "./data/test_assets/triangle.vert.asset" },
+			ShaderAsset { "./data/test_assets/triangle.frag.asset" },
+		};
+
+		expect_false(observer.had_any_messages());
+	};
+};
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/renderer.cpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/renderer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/renderer.hpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/renderer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3e3b2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/renderer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <renderer/vk/context/context.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/debug/validation.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/renderer/pass.hpp>
+#include <time/timer.hpp>
+
+namespace lt::renderer::vk {
+
+class Renderer
+{
+public:
+	Renderer(Context &context, Ref<Pass> pass)
+	    : m_device(context.device().vk())
+	    , m_graphics_queue(context.device().get_graphics_queue())
+	    , m_present_queue(context.device().get_present_queue())
+	    , m_swapchain(context.swapchain().vk())
+	    , m_pass(std::move(pass))
+	    , m_resolution(context.swapchain().get_resolution())
+	{
+		auto pool_info = VkCommandPoolCreateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
+			.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT,
+			.queueFamilyIndex = context.device().get_family_indices()[0],
+
+		};
+		vkc(vk_create_command_pool(m_device, &pool_info, nullptr, &m_pool));
+
+		auto cmd_info = VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+			.commandPool = m_pool,
+			.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
+			.commandBufferCount = 1u,
+		};
+		vkc(vk_allocate_command_buffers(m_device, &cmd_info, &m_cmd));
+
+		auto semaphore_info = VkSemaphoreCreateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO,
+		};
+
+		auto fence_info = VkFenceCreateInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT,
+		};
+
+		vkc(vk_create_semaphore(m_device, &semaphore_info, nullptr, &m_image_available_semaphore));
+		vkc(vk_create_semaphore(m_device, &semaphore_info, nullptr, &m_render_finished_semaphore));
+		vkc(vk_create_fence(m_device, &fence_info, nullptr, &m_in_flight_fence));
+	};
+
+	void record_cmd(VkCommandBuffer cmd, uint32_t image_idx)
+	{
+		auto cmd_begin_info = VkCommandBufferBeginInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
+			.flags = {},
+			.pInheritanceInfo = nullptr,
+		};
+
+		vkc(vk_begin_command_buffer(cmd, &cmd_begin_info));
+
+		static auto timer = Timer {};
+
+		auto clear_value = VkClearValue {
+			.color = { 
+                0.93,
+                0.93,
+                0.93,
+               1.0,
+            },
+		};
+
+		auto pass_begin_info = VkRenderPassBeginInfo {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
+			.renderPass = m_pass->get_pass(),
+			.framebuffer = m_pass->get_framebuffers()[image_idx],
+			.renderArea = { .offset = {}, .extent = m_resolution },
+			.clearValueCount = 1u,
+			.pClearValues = &clear_value
+		};
+		vk_cmd_begin_render_pass(cmd, &pass_begin_info, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
+		vk_cmd_bind_pipeline(cmd, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, m_pass->get_pipeline());
+
+		auto viewport = VkViewport {
+			.x = 0.0f,
+			.y = 0.0f,
+			.width = static_cast<float>(m_resolution.width),
+			.height = static_cast<float>(m_resolution.height),
+			.minDepth = 0.0f,
+			.maxDepth = 1.0f,
+		};
+		vk_cmd_set_viewport(cmd, 0, 1, &viewport);
+
+		auto scissor = VkRect2D {
+			.offset = { 0u, 0u },
+			.extent = m_resolution,
+		};
+		vk_cmd_set_scissors(cmd, 0, 1, &scissor);
+
+		vk_cmd_draw(cmd, 3, 1, 0, 0);
+		vk_cmd_end_render_pass(cmd);
+		vkc(vk_end_command_buffer(cmd));
+	}
+
+	void draw()
+	{
+		try
+		{
+			vkc(vk_wait_for_fences(m_device, 1u, &m_in_flight_fence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX));
+			vkc(vk_reset_fences(m_device, 1u, &m_in_flight_fence));
+
+			auto image_idx = uint32_t {};
+			vkc(vk_acquire_next_image_khr(
+			    m_device,
+			    m_swapchain,
+			    UINT64_MAX,
+			    m_image_available_semaphore,
+			    VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+			    &image_idx
+			));
+
+			vkc(vk_reset_command_buffer(m_cmd, {}));
+			record_cmd(m_cmd, image_idx);
+
+			auto wait_stage = VkPipelineStageFlags {
+				VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT
+			};
+			auto submit_info = VkSubmitInfo {
+				.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
+				.waitSemaphoreCount = 1u,
+				.pWaitSemaphores = &m_image_available_semaphore,
+				.pWaitDstStageMask = &wait_stage,
+				.commandBufferCount = 1u,
+				.pCommandBuffers = &m_cmd,
+				.signalSemaphoreCount = 1u,
+				.pSignalSemaphores = &m_render_finished_semaphore,
+			};
+
+			vkc(vk_queue_submit(m_graphics_queue, 1u, &submit_info, m_in_flight_fence));
+
+			auto present_info = VkPresentInfoKHR {
+				.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR,
+				.waitSemaphoreCount = 1u,
+				.pWaitSemaphores = &m_render_finished_semaphore,
+				.swapchainCount = 1u,
+				.pSwapchains = &m_swapchain,
+				.pImageIndices = &image_idx,
+				.pResults = nullptr,
+			};
+
+			vk_queue_present_khr(m_present_queue, &present_info);
+		}
+		catch (const std::exception &exp)
+		{
+			log_dbg("EXCEPTION: {}", exp.what());
+		}
+	}
+
+	~Renderer()
+	{
+		if (!m_device)
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		vk_destroy_semaphore(m_device, m_render_finished_semaphore, nullptr);
+		vk_destroy_semaphore(m_device, m_image_available_semaphore, nullptr);
+		vk_destroy_fence(m_device, m_in_flight_fence, nullptr);
+		vk_destroy_command_pool(m_device, m_pool, nullptr);
+	}
+
+	Renderer(Renderer &&) = default;
+
+	Renderer(const Renderer &) = delete;
+
+	auto operator=(Renderer &&) -> Renderer & = default;
+
+	auto operator=(const Renderer &) -> Renderer & = delete;
+
+private:
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkDevice> m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkCommandPool> m_pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkCommandBuffer> m_cmd = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkSemaphore> m_image_available_semaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkSemaphore> m_render_finished_semaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkFence> m_in_flight_fence = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkSwapchainKHR> m_swapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkQueue> m_graphics_queue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	memory::NullOnMove<VkQueue> m_present_queue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	Ref<Pass> m_pass;
+
+	VkExtent2D m_resolution;
+};
+
+} // namespace lt::renderer::vk
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/renderer.test.cpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/renderer.test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d393340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/vk/renderer/renderer.test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include <renderer/vk/renderer/renderer.hpp>
+#include <renderer/vk/test_utils.hpp>
+
+using ::lt::assets::ShaderAsset;
+using ::lt::renderer::vk::Pass;
+using ::lt::renderer::vk::Renderer;
+
+Suite raii = "renderer_raii"_suite = [] {
+	Case { "happy path won't throw" } = [] {
+		auto observer = ValidationObserver {};
+		auto [context, _] = create_context();
+
+		auto pass = lt::create_ref<Pass>(
+		    context,
+		    ShaderAsset { "./data/test_assets/triangle.vert.asset" },
+		    ShaderAsset { "./data/test_assets/triangle.frag.asset" }
+		);
+
+
+		auto renderer = Renderer(context, pass);
+
+		for (;;)
+		{
+			renderer.draw();
+		}
+
+		expect_false(observer.had_any_messages());
+	};
+};
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/test_utils.hpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/test_utils.hpp
index 19f2b8a..40fe871 100644
--- a/modules/renderer/private/vk/test_utils.hpp
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/vk/test_utils.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <ranges>
+#include <renderer/vk/context/context.hpp>
 #include <renderer/vk/context/surface.hpp>
 #include <renderer/vk/debug/messenger.hpp>
 #include <surface/components.hpp>
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ public:
 	ValidationObserver()
 	    : m_messenger(
 	          Messenger::CreateInfo {
-	              .severity = all_severity,
+	              .severity = static_cast<Messenger::Severity>(warning | error),
 	              .type = lt::renderer::vk::Messenger::all_type,
 	              .callback = &callback,
 	              .user_data = &m_had_any_messages,
@@ -67,6 +68,22 @@ private:
 	bool m_had_any_messages = false;
 };
 
+[[nodiscard]] inline auto create_context()
+    -> std::pair<lt::renderer::vk::Context, lt::surface::System>
+{
+	using lt::surface::SurfaceComponent;
+
+	auto registry = lt::create_ref<lt::ecs::Registry>();
+	auto entity = lt::ecs::Entity { registry, registry->create_entity() };
+	auto surface_system = lt::surface::System(registry);
+	entity.add<SurfaceComponent>(SurfaceComponent::CreateInfo {
+	    .title = "",
+	    .resolution = constants::resolution,
+	});
+
+	return { lt::renderer::vk::Context { entity }, std::move(surface_system) };
+}
+
 template<>
 struct std::formatter<VkExtent2D>
 {
diff --git a/modules/renderer/private/vk/vulkan.hpp b/modules/renderer/private/vk/vulkan.hpp
index de96918..8d3335a 100644
--- a/modules/renderer/private/vk/vulkan.hpp
+++ b/modules/renderer/private/vk/vulkan.hpp
@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ extern PFN_vkCmdBindPipeline vk_cmd_bind_pipeline;
 extern PFN_vkCmdDraw vk_cmd_draw;
 extern PFN_vkCmdSetViewport vk_cmd_set_viewport;
 extern PFN_vkCmdSetScissor vk_cmd_set_scissors;
+
+extern PFN_vkResetCommandBuffer vk_reset_command_buffer;
 // NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 } // namespace lt::renderer::vk
diff --git a/modules/renderer/public/components/skybox.hpp b/modules/renderer/public/components/skybox.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c58939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/renderer/public/components/skybox.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace lt::renderer {
+
+struct SolidColor
+{
+};
+
+} // namespace lt::renderer
diff --git a/modules/renderer/public/system.hpp b/modules/renderer/public/system.hpp
index f3f693f..c3018a6 100644
--- a/modules/renderer/public/system.hpp
+++ b/modules/renderer/public/system.hpp
@@ -12,14 +12,16 @@ public:
 	struct CreateInfo
 	{
 		Ref<ecs::Registry> registry;
+
 		ecs::Entity surface_entity;
+
 		Ref<app::SystemStats> system_stats;
 	};
 
 	[[nodiscard]] System(CreateInfo info)
 	    : m_registry(std::move(info.registry))
 	    , m_stats(info.system_stats)
-	    , m_context(info.surface_entity, info.system_stats)
+	    , m_context(info.surface_entity)
 	{
 		ensure(m_stats, "Failed to initialize system: null stats");
 		ensure(m_registry, "Failed to initialize renderer system: null registry");
@@ -35,19 +37,11 @@ public:
 
 	auto operator=(const System &) -> System & = delete;
 
-	void on_register() override
-	{
-	}
+	void on_register() override;
 
-	void on_unregister() override
-	{
-	}
+	void on_unregister() override;
 
-	void get_validation_state();
-
-	void tick(app::TickInfo tick) override
-	{
-	}
+	void tick(app::TickInfo tick) override;
 
 	[[nodiscard]] auto get_stats() const -> const app::SystemStats &
 	{